A few notes on IMS' per-session QoS First, note that IMS' two-sided QoS signaling model is a major source of complexity. Further complicating this picture are "services" (the whole point of IMS) such as toll-free sessions, reverse charging, and pre-paid services (etc). Consider what your network would have to do to support this And how much per-flow state in the core is required? And what kind of peering relationships/settlements/SLAs would be required?